In this post, we will create an intraday momentum strategy and use QDA as a means of optimizing our strategy. We’ll begin by reviewing Linear Discriminant Analysis or LDA and how it is associated with QDA, gain an understanding of QDA and when we might implement this technique instead of Linear

There are three universal dimensions of return that drive the performance of all strategies—regardless of investment style or asset class: consistency, magnitude, and conviction. These dimensions serve as levers that can increase or decrease performance of any strategy. They also provide context

Assume you made a decision to invest in an active strategy based on, say, a backtest of the underlying process (to be clear, active means NOT passive market-cap weight in my context). Over the next few years, you sit in the strategy watching it underperform the passive benchmark. You are a

Because of the adaptive nature of position sizing, trend-following strategies can generate the positive skewness of their returns, when infrequent large gains compensate overall for frequent small losses. Further, trend-followers can produce the positive convexity of their returns with respect to

In this post, we’ll take a brief look at biclustering algorithms. They reveal easily interpretable patterns in our data and give us more information about the links between observations and features than simpler clustering algorithms usually do. We’ve already reviewed a number of non-supervised

The authors conduct a comprehensive analysis of five categories of technical trading rules (including channel break rules, filter rules, moving average rules, oscillator rules and support/resistance rules) using aggregate data from the Chinese stock market for the period 1997 to 2015. Do technical

Portfolio construction is a lot like cooking. There are two equally important elements: the ingredients and the recipe. The ingredients are the signals that are used to select investments. The recipe is the set of rules used to transform those signals into portfolio allocations. In factor investing,

Volatility spiked in the first quarter of 2018 when global stock markets declined, which was mainly due to concerns on proposed tariffs by the US government and rising interest rates. Since then markets recovered and volatility declined again, but higher interest rates are likely to have a negative

A new paper combines two key aspects of commodity pricing: [1] a rational pricing model based on the present value of future convenience yields of physical commodity holdings, and [2] the activity of financial investors in form of rational short-term trading and contrarian trading. Since convenience

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) indicates returns should go up linearly as beta increases (in other words, risk and return are positively related). However, as I’ve previously discussed, the historical evidence demonstrates that, while the slope of the security market line is generally

The new high in the Russell is notable, since it is the 1st major index to get there. But it does not necessarily mean the other indices will follow. In the study below I looked at SPX performance following instances of a fresh RUT breakout while SPX had still not broken out. 2018-05-17 Whether you

This year’s annual financial research “geekfest,” officially known as the American Finance Association Annual Meeting, assembles the world’s top-tier academic researchers to discuss their latest financial research. Source: Wes’s art studio and a photo by Daniel Cheung If you are looking to

Stocks can be ranked by alpha instead of stock returns Alpha Momentum generates a higher and more consistent performance than Price Momentum Momentum crashes are reduced significantly and risk-return ratios increase INTRODUCTION Alpha in finance is shrinking continuously as investors are getting

Benchmarking a trend-following strategy can be a difficult exercise in managing behavioral biases. While the natural tendency is often to benchmark equity trend-following to all-equities (e.g. the S&P 500), this does not accurately give the strategy credit for choosing to be invested when the

General concepts of Machine Learning 3 types of learning and basic terminology – Supervised learning. Learn a model from labeled training data that allows us to predict future or unknown data. Supervised refers to a set of sample where desired output signals (labels) are already known. Eg spam

The Fed’s System Open Market Account (SOMA is the account at the Fed that contains all of its bond purchase holdings. Fed SOMA data going back to 2003 can be downloaded from the New York Fed’s website. Over this time, there has been a strong relationship between the changes in the SOMA and

What does “optimal” mean, anyway? In the first part of this series, we discovered that the staked fraction of capital that yields the greatest compounded returns also yields a less-than-optimal level of drawdown. To realize the greatest return on capital, an investor in SPY since its inception

FX carry trading strategies only use short-term interest rates (and forward basis) as signal. Yet both theoretical and empirical research suggests that the whole relative yield curve contains important information on monetary policy and risk premia. In particular, the curvature of a yield curve

When dealing with data we (almost) always would like to have better and bigger sets. But if there’s not enough historical data available to test a given algorithm or methodology, what can we do? Our answer has been: creating it. How? By developing our own Synthetic Financial Time Series Generator.

I have shown Fed-based studies here at Quantifiable Edges since inception in 2008. And since 2010 I have closely tracked SOMA movement and its influence on the market in the Quantifiable Edges subscriber letter. This has proven extremely valuable in my research and trading. Now, after years of

We revisit a series of popular anomalies: seasonal, announcement and momentum. We comment on statistical significance and persistence of these effects and propose useful investment strategies to incorporate this information. We investigate the creation of a seasonal anomaly and trend model composed

We typically discuss trend following in the context of risk management for investors looking to diversify their diversifiers. While we believe that trend following is most appropriate for investors concerned about sequence risk, levered trend following may have use for investors pursuing growth. In

This research note was originally published at Alpha Architect. INTRODUCTION Mirror, mirror, on the wall – which is the fairest of them all? Recent commentary (to include a recent Barron’s article) seems to suggest that value is dead and may never come back. Of course, most of these comments

Albert Einstein once proclaimed that “compound interest is the eighth wonder of the world” (allegedly, at least; people attribute all kinds of sayings to that guy). Let’s just assume that he did. This is the single most important reason why people participate in the markets. The magic of

This post will discuss the idea of the geometric Calmar ratio — a way to modify the Calmar ratio to account for compounding returns. So, one thing that recently had me sort of annoyed in terms of my interpretation of the Calmar ratio is this: essentially, the way I interpret it is that it’s a

Mirror, mirror, on the wall – which is the fairest of them all? Recent commentary (to include a recent Barron’s article) seems to suggest that value is dead and may never come back. Of course, most of these comments revolve around the price-to-book valuation metric, which, as the Barron’s

Friday the employment report will be released about an hour before the NYSE open. Employment days have an interesting history and they have contributed to some worthwhile studies over the years. Below is a chart of SPX performance on Employment Days going back to 1993. 2018-05-04 What I find

The Equity Risk Premium in 2018 John R. Graham and Campbell R. Harvey (Duke University) March 27, 2018 We analyze the history of the equity risk premium from surveys of U.S. Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) conducted every quarter from June 2000 to December 2017. The risk premium is the expected

The results of data analysis are only as good as the data you use. There are a variety of hedge fund data vendors out there. You may have access via your Bloomberg terminal, or perhaps you have purchased access to data from a well-known hedge fund data vendor. Regardless of your data source there

Please find below this month’s Wisdom State of Trend Following report. Performance is hypothetical – Chart for April: And the 12-month chart: Below are the summary stats: Horizon Return Ann. Vol. Last month 1.28% 9.77% Year To Date -5.03% 16.19% Last 12 months -9.94% 13.31% Last calendar year

This is a summary of the recent performance of a wide range of excellent tactical asset allocation strategies. These strategies are sourced from books, academic papers, and other publications. While we don’t (yet) include every published TAA model, these strategies are broadly representative of

Diversification is a key ingredient to a successful trend following program. While most popular trend following programs take a multi-asset approach (e.g. managed futures programs), we believe that single-asset strategies can play a meaningful role in investor portfolios. We believe that long-term

We recently published a research note on the relationship between factor returns and real GDP growth (Equity Factors & GDP Growth), which highlighted that some factors exhibit pro-cyclical while others have anti-cyclical characteristics. The Value and Size factors showed strong returns when

As we head towards the summer, the stock market has two long-term cycles converging that suggest it could be a rough ride. The 2 cycles are the “Best 6 Months” and the “Presidential Cycle”. I cover both of these cycles in detail in the Quantifiable Edges Market Timing Course. Here I will

Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin are establishing themselves as an investment asset and are often named the New Gold. This study, however, shows that the two assets could barely be more different. Firstly, we analyze and compare conditional variance properties of Bitcoin and Gold as well as other

Bloomberg columnist Mohamed El-Erian recently lamented that the discipline of economics “is divorced from real-world relevance and has lost credibility.” Among the problems he mentions currently afflicting the field are the following: The proliferation of simplifying assumptions that lead to an

In a previous post, we showed that the spot volatility index, VIX, has a strong mean reverting tendency. In this follow-up installment we’re going to further investigate the mean reverting properties of the VIX. Our primary goal is to use this study in order to aid options traders in positioning

Empirical evidence for 27 markets suggests that carry on interest rate swaps has been positively correlated with subsequent returns for the past two decades. Indeed, a naïve strategy following carry as signal has produced respectable risk-adjusted returns. However, this positive past performance

The authors discuss a variety of past research papers on time-series momentum but pay particular attention to the Moskowitz, Ooi, and Pedersen (“MOP”) 2012 JFE paper, “Time Series Momentum.” This paper is arguably the first paper in recent memory to crack the top-tier academic journals with

In his 1998 second edition of “Stocks for the Long Run1”, Jeremy Siegel added a chapter called “Technical Analysis and Investing with the Trend”, where he explored simple trend rules to time the U.S. stock market. In the chapter, Dr. Siegel revealed that the simple trend following strategy

There are now hundreds of factors in what John Cochrane famously called the “zoo of factors.” However, there are only a small number that meet the requirements for investment that my co-author, Andrew Berkin, and I establish in our book, “Your Complete Guide to Factor-Based Investing”:

Investing strategies run the gamut, but every portfolio shares a common goal: delivering optimal results. The catch is that there’s a wide range of possibilities for defining optimal and so your mileage may vary, depending on preferences, assets, and other factors. Eran Raviv offers a useful

This post explores a concept at the heart of quantitative financial research. Most qfin researchers utilize statistical techniques that require varying degrees of stationarity. As many of you are aware financial time series violate pretty much all the rules of stationarity and yet many researchers,

One of the first tests I did when I got AmiBroker twenty years ago was a mean reversion test. It was a classic set up, a stock in an uptrend, followed by a pullback. But the entry differed from what I do now. The entry waited for a confirmation of the trend back up. The trade would enter when the

What is the body of academic research on crypto-assets? In their March 2018 paper entitled “Cryptocurrencies as a Financial Asset: A Systematic Analysis”, Shaen Corbet, Brian Lucey, Andrew Urquhart and Larisa Yarovaya review available research on cryptocurrencies as financial assets. They define

We wanted to take a moment to highlight a post from the always smart JW Keuning describing a novel approach for measuring how well a strategy has performed relative to drawdowns (losses): Presenting the Keller Ratio. Our preferred method for assessing a strategy’s return relative to drawdown has

As evidenced by the image below, interest in momentum research has taken off since the original 1993 Jegadeesh and Titman paper: Source: “Two Centuries of Multi-Asset Momentum (Equities, Bonds, Currencies, Commodities, Sectors and Stocks)”

SPY’s move lower over the last 3 days has set up a potential “Turnaround Tuesday” scenario. The fact that it made a lower high, lower low, and lower close for at least the 3rd day in a row triggered the following study. 2018-04-241 The numbers are impressive and the bounces couldn’t get much

We document that several well known asset-pricing implications of accruals differ for investment and non-investment-related components. Exposure to an investment-accruals factor explains the cross-section of returns better than the accruals themselves, and this factor’s returns are negatively

While investors are often concerned about catastrophic risks, failing to allocate enough to risky assets can lead investors to “fail slowly” by not maintaining pace with inflation or supporting withdrawal rates. Historically, bonds have acted as the primary means of managing risk.However,