ETF Dividend Cycles Pekka Honkanen (University of Georgia), et al. February 2023 Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) collect approximately 7% of all U.S. corporate dividends, which they are required to redistribute to investors. How do the funds manage these dividend flows, and does such management have

Submergence = Drawdown Plus Recovery Dane Rook (Stanford University), et al. February 2023 Drawdowns and recoveries are often analyzed separately – yet doing so can leave investors with a distorted view of risk. Indeed, this problem is so commonplace that there’s no consistently-used term for

Do Sector ETFs Outperform Treasury Bills? Gow-Cheng Huang (Tuskegee U.) and Kartono Liano (Mississippi State U.) June 2022 Unlike individual stocks, more than 67% of sector ETFs have lifetime buy-and-hold returns that are higher than the T-bill rates. Thus, the majority of sector ETFs outperform

Preference for dividends and stock returns around the world Allaudeen Hameed (National University of Singapore), et al. November 2022 We find strong international evidence favoring dividend payout as a salient stock characteristic affecting expected stock returns. We find that dividend-paying stocks

The Factor Multiverse: The Role of Interest Rates in Factor Discovery Jules H. van Binsbergen (University of Pennsylvania), et al. September 2022 We study the importance of the decline in interest rates in the discovery of asset pricing anomalies. We investigate 153 discovered anomalies as well as

The Avoidable Costs of Index Rebalancing Robert D. Arnott (Research Affiliates), et al. May 2022 Traditional capitalization-weighted indices generally add stocks with high valuation multiples after persistent outperformance and sell stocks at low valuation multiples after persistent

Combining Factors Christoph Reschenhofer (Vienna University of Economics and Business) July 2022 While the academic literature primarily investigates factor exposures based on covariances (i.e. beta exposure), most practitioners apply characteristics-based scorings to obtain factor portfolios. It

Investing in Deflation, Inflation, and Stagflation Regimes Guido Baltussen (Erasmus University Rotterdam), et al. July 2022 We examine asset class and factor premiums across inflationary regimes. As periods of high inflation and deflation are relatively uncommon in recent history, we use a deep

Inflation as the Source of the Bond, Equity, and Value Premia Martin Tarlie (GMO) May 2022 A no-arbitrage pricing model with inflation as the only priced risk factor explains the bond, equity, and value premia observed in the United States over the past sixty years. Even though inflation is the only

A Look Under the Hood of Momentum Funds Ayelen Banegas and Carlo Rosa (Federal Reserve) February 2022 Momentum investing has surged over the past few years, with assets growing at three times the rate of conventional funds. Using a comprehensive dataset of US equity funds, this paper examines the

Performance of Gold as a Financial Asset During Different Phases of Financial Cycles Aniket Ranjan and Naveen Kumar (Reserve Bank of India) January 2022 The paper examines the fundamental relationship between gold and financial markets within the framework of unobserved components model. It measures

Financial Cycles – Early Warning Indicators of Banking Crises? Sally Chen (Bank for Int’l Settlements) and Katsiaryna Svirydzenka (IMF) April 2021 Can the upturns and downturns in financial variables serve as early warning indicators of banking crises? Using data from 59 advanced and emerging

The Time-Varying Relation between Stock Returns and Monetary Variables David G. McMillan (University of Stirling) November 2, 2021 The nature of the relation between stock returns and the three monetary variables of interest rates (bond yields), inflation and money supply growth, while oft studied,

Trading Down: The Effects of Active Trading on One-Month ETF Returns Ian Gray (Loyola Marymount University) December 15, 2021 Ark Investment Management (ARK), led by CIO Cathie Wood, has risen to prominence over the past few years because of its remarkable performance. Because of requirements for

We present a theoretical and empirical methodology that reflects the Cryptocurrency version of VIX, which we name it as CVIX (Crypto VIX), and captures the future 30 days forward Crypto risk (fear). Our framework is built on idiosyncratic and systematic Crypto risk, and is not based on the option

Time-Varying Factor Allocation Stefan Vincenz and Tom Oskar Karl Zeissler (Vienna U. of Economics and Business) September 15, 2021 In this empirical study, we provide evidence on how predictive information can be utilized to profitably allocate a cross-asset factor portfolio, covering various

We present a new database of banking-crisis interventions since the 13th century. The database includes 1886 interventions in 20 categories across 138 countries, covering interventions during all of the crises identified in the main banking-crisis chronologies, while also cataloguing a large number

One of the more difficult challenges for modeling is deciding how (or if) to deal with extreme data points. It’s a common problem in economic and financial numbers. Fat tailed distributions are standard fare in stock market returns, for example. Meanwhile, the dramatic collapse in the economy

Decomposing Momentum: Eliminating its Crash Component Pascal Büsing (University of Muenster), et al. July 15, 2021 We propose a purely cross-sectional momentum strategy that avoids crash risk and does not depend on the state of the market. To do so, we simply split up the standard momentum return

I recently outlined two models for estimating the US stock market’s return for the decade ahead. Let’s add a third model to the mix with the plan to take the average as a relatively robust forecast. The previous two models (see here and here) used valuation to estimate ex ante performance for

Forecasting the Long-Term Equity Premium for Asset Allocation Athanasios Sakkas (U. of Nottingham) and Nikolaos Tessaromatis (EDHEC) July 12, 2021 Long-term country equity premium forecasts based on a cross-sectional global factor model (CS-GFM), where factors represent compensation for risks

In recent posts I reviewed several basic applications for generating fair-value estimates for the 10-year Treasury yield, which can be used as a proxy for projecting return. Let’s expand this effort by forecasting performance for the US equity market over a 10-year window. The goal is developing a

Equity Tail Risk in the Treasury Bond Market Mirco Rubin (EDHEC) and Dario Ruzzi (Bank of Italy) December 23, 2020 This paper quantifies the effects of equity tail risk on the US government bond market. We estimate equity tail risk as the option-implied stock market volatility that stems from large

Earlier this month, I reviewed a model that estimates a theoretical level for the world’s most-important interest rate: the 10-year Treasury yield. In today’s follow-up, let’s consider a second model for additional context. The goal in this series is to select several models with an eye on

Long-Horizon Stock Returns Are Positively Skewed Adam Farago and Erik Hjalmarsson (University of Gothenburg) April 28, 2021 At long horizons, multiplicative compounding induces strong-to-extreme positive skewness into stock returns; the magnitude of the effect is primarily determined by

The world is awash in efforts to model a theoretical value for the stock market – the CAPE ratio, for example. But while the equities hog much of the attention on this front, similar analytics for the world’s most important interest rate are no less valuable. How to begin? Not surprisingly,

Forecasting Bond Risk Premia using Stationary Yield Factors Tobias Hoogteijling (Robeco Asset Management), et al. April 12, 2021 The standard way to summarize the yield curve is to use the first three principal components of the yield curve, resulting in level, slope and curvature factors. Yields,

How Much Bitcoin Should I Own? A Mathematical Answer Adam Grealish (Betterment) March 9, 2021 It goes without saying that this is a hard question to answer. But we can borrow a page from modern quantitative finance to help us arrive at a potential answer. For years, Wall Street “quants” have

Predictable Financial Crises Robin Greenwood (Harvard University), et al. March 2021 Using historical data on post-war financial crises around the world, we show that crises are substantially predictable. The combination of rapid credit and asset price growth over the prior three years, whether in

The Increased Toxicity of the U.S. Treasury Security Market Scott E. Hein (Texas Tech University) January 2, 2021 This short research paper documents the fact that exclusively watching for rising yields on conventional U.S. Treasury securities to reflect increased inflationary fears in the U.S. is

Why Are High Exposures to Factor Betas Unlikely to Deliver Anticipated Returns? Chris Brightman (Research Affiliates) et al. January 11, 2021 By choosing investment strategies that intentionally create exposure to factor betas, investors may be obtaining uncompensated risks. We show across a wide

At the core of modern finance is the proposition that beta (market) risk is the dominant factor that drives performance. But numerous empirical tests of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) over the decades suggest otherwise. There have be various attempts to adjust CAPM to find a closer mapping

Long-Term Stock Forecasting Magnus Pedersen (Hvass Laboratories) December 17, 2020 When plotting the relation between valuation ratios and long-term returns on individual stocks or entire stock-indices, we often see a particular pattern in the plot, where higher valuation ratios are strongly

Resurrecting the Value Premium David Blitz (Robeco) and Matthias X. Hanauer (Technische Universität München) October 15, 2020 The prolonged poor performance of the value factor has led to doubts about whether the value premium still exists. Some have noted that the observed returns still fall

Does Joining the S&P 500 Index Hurt Firms? Benjamin Bennett (Tulane University), et al. July 20, 2020 We investigate the impact on firms of joining the S&P 500 index from 1997 to 2017. We find that the positive announcement effect on the stock price of index inclusion has disappeared and the

The holy grail of portfolio design is combining assets so that returns are relatively stable if not higher, risk is generally lower and the overall mix delivers stronger risk-adjusted performance that’s not otherwise available through owning the components separately. Diversification, as the

Fire Sale Risk and Expected Stock Returns George O. Aragon (Arizona State U.) and Min S. Kim (Michigan State U.) July 29, 2020 We measure a stock’s exposure to fire sale risk through its ownership links to equity mutual funds that experience outflows during periods of systematic outflows from the

Is Gold a Hedge or Safe Haven Asset during COVID–19 Crisis? Md Akhtaruzzaman (Australian Catholic University), et al. May 15, 2020 The COVID–19 pandemic has shaken the global financial markets. Our study examines the role of gold as a safe haven asset during the different phases of this

The coronavirus crisis reordered many things in economics and finance and you can add asset correlations to the list. After markets crashed in March, followed by a strong (so far) rebound, asset classes have continued to move with an unusually deep and broad degree of unison. High, or at least

The Smart Beta Mirage Shiyang Huang (University of Hong Kong), et al. June 2020 We document sharp performance deterioration of smart beta indexes after the corresponding smart beta ETFs are listed for investments. Adjusted by aggregate market return, the average return of smart beta indexes drops

Forecasting Macroeconomic Risk in Real Time: Great and Covid-19 Recessions Roberto A. De Santis (European Central Bank) July 2020 We show that financial variables contribute to the forecast of GDP growth during the Great Recession, providing additional insights on both first and higher moments of

Breaking Bad Trends Ashish Garg (Research Affiliates), et al. May 7, 2020 We document and quantify the negative impact of trend breaks (i.e., turning points in the trajectory of asset prices) on the performance of standard trend-following strategies across several assets and asset classes. The

It’s long been established that stock market returns aren’t normally distributed and that fat tails (extreme returns that are unexpected for a normal distribution) apply. This has implications, of course, for portfolio design and management. The first question: What are the choices for managing

The Law of Regression to the Tail: How to Mitigate COVID-19, Climate Change, and Other Catastrophic Risks Bent Flyvbjerg (University of Oxford) 13 May 2020 Regression to the mean is nice and reliable, regression to the tail is reliably scary. We live in the age of regression to the tail. It is only

Longer is better for analyzing the stock market, which is why Professor Robert Shiller’s data set (with an 1871 starting date) is one of the great free resources on the internet for studying the history of US equities. With that in mind, let’s review how the current drawdown for the S&P 500

Howell E. Jackson (Harvard Law School) and Steven L. Schwarcz (Duke U.) April 19, 2020 The coronavirus has produced a public health debacle of the first-order. But the virus is also propagating the kind of exogenous shock that can precipitate – and to a considerable degree is already precipitating

In a previous post, I simulated S&P 500 drawdowns for perspective on what the current market correction may dispense in the weeks and months ahead. Let’s supplement that analysis by visually comparing the current and ongoing peak-to-market decline with the ten deepest drawdowns since 1950.

The widespread disruption from the coronavirus pandemic is obvious to everyone, but economic nowcasting and forecasting models are only just beginning to reflect the damage to what had been a moderately expanding US economy. Thanks to the lag in economic data, which can arrive with as long as two to

The US stock market tumbled again yesterday, falling to a 3-1/2-year low, thanks to expanding coronavirus threat. The economic outlook is grim, at least for the near term, and so the market is attempting to price in this stark change. The result, not surprisingly, is a sobering, rapid fall from

The coronavirus that’s roiling world markets and raising questions about the economic outlook has triggered a familiar shock to stocks: higher volatility. Is this a reason to change your asset allocation, rebalance the portfolio or modify risk management decisions? Maybe, but maybe not. There is