Momentum investing – betting on the persistence of price trends in the short to medium term — has captured the crowd’s attention in recent years. Consider, for instance, the strong growth in ETF assets in the niche. The first fund launched a bit more than five years ago; today, there are

Investing in a Multi-Asset Multi-Factor World Alexandar Cherkezov (Invesco), et al. August 31, 2017 In this article, we advance the use of factor investing across multiple asset classes. It turns out that style factors well established in the equity domain – such as value, momentum or quality –

In previous installments of replicating indexes I profiled the style-analysis methodology and presented an example using a hedge fund index. Now let’s turn to a strategy of replicating the S&P 500 Index with a handful of stocks that are considered socially responsible investments (SRI).

Imitation, Oscar Wilde famously observed, “is the sincerest form of flattery that mediocrity can pay to greatness.” The observation echoes the objective for using Professor Bill Sharpe’s style analysis to replicate investment indexes that, for one reason or another, can’t be purchased

The Most Dangerous (and Ubiquitous) Shortcut in Financial Planning John West and Amie Ko (Research Affiliates) September 2017 Using historical returns to forecast the future is one of the most common shortcuts in financial planning. Investment advisors who use only past returns to forecast future

In the quest for clarity in portfolio analytics, Professor Bill Sharpe’s introduction of returns-based style analysis was a revelation. By applying statistical techniques to reverse engineer investment strategies using historical performance data, style analysis offers a powerful, practical tool

Asset Allocation in a Low Yield Environment John Huss (AQR Capital Mgt.), et al. August 17, 2017 The year 2016 saw bond yields fall to unprecedented low levels in major developed markets, with nominal yields on 10-year German and Japanese government bonds even turning negative. While yields have

There are no silver bullets for profiling risk, but drawdown’s properties arguably give this metric a leg up over most of the competition. The combination of an intuitive framework, simplicity, and sharp focus on how markets actually behave is a tough act to beat. Perhaps the strongest argument in

Designing and managing asset allocation strategies based on factors is promoted in some corners as a better way to build portfolios. Not surprisingly, there’s no shortage of studies that support this view. But the jury’s still out on whether it’s prudent to throw out the standard asset-class

US Sector Rotation with Five-Factor Fama-French Alphas G. Sarwar (University of Greenwich), et al. June 16, 2017 In this paper we investigate the risk-adjusted performance of US sector portfolios and sector rotation strategy using the alphas from the Fama-French five factor model. We find that

Monetary Policy Uncertainty and Bond Risk Premium Fuwei Jiang (Central University of Finance and Economics) and Guoshi Tong (Renmin University) October 1, 2016 We show that uncertainty of monetary policy (MPU) commands a risk premium in the US Treasury bond market. Using the news based MPU measure

The astonishing bull market (bubble?) in Bitcoin has drawn attention to the cryptocurrency from all corners. One of the questions that’s reasonating: Should Bitcoin be treated as an asset class, on par with stocks, bonds, real estate and commodities? A Forbes article last year, citing a study by

How much higher can smart beta adoption climb? Now in its fourth year, FTSE Russell’s latest annual survey of global institutional asset owners indicates that smart beta adoption is at an all time high and that investors continue to find new applications for its use. The survey, Smart beta: 2017

Credit Spreads, Daily Business Cycle, and Corporate Bond Returns Predictability Alexey Ivashchenko (University of Lausanne) May 4, 2017 The part of credit spread that is not explained by corporate credit risk forecasts future economic activity. I show that the link with aggregate business risk and

Bubbles for Fama Robin M. Greenwood (Harvard Business School), et al. February 2017 We evaluate Eugene Fama’s claim that stock prices do not exhibit price bubbles. Based on U.S. industry returns 1926–2014 and international sector returns 1985–2014, we present four findings: (1) Fama is correct

Benchmarks are indispensable for investment analytics. The challenge is picking a relevant one. The stakes are high because the wrong benchmark can be worse than none at all. The good news is that the potential for error can be dramatically reduced by choosing a set of random benchmarks that are

Contrarian Factor Timing is Deceptively Difficult Clifford S. Asness (AQR Capital Management), et al. March 7, 2017 The increasing popularity of factor investing has led to valuation concerns among some contrarian-minded investors, and fears of imminent mean-reversion and underperformance. In this

Limited data is the financial modeler’s biggest challenge. Making assumptions about risk is tough enough under the best of circumstances. All too often it’s even tougher when the historical record is thin. There are several ways to manage this challenge, including bootstrapping, aka resampling

Liquid Alternative Mutual Funds versus Hedge Funds Jonathan S. Hartley (University of Pennsylvania) February 1, 2017 Despite the rapid rise of the number of liquid alternative mutual funds (LAMFs) available to retail investors in recent years, few studies have compared how their return and risk

The financial crisis of 2008 devastated portfolios far and wide and brought the global economy to the brink of collapse. It was a disaster, but there was at least one positive outcome from the debacle: a wider recognition that tail risk is a real and present danger that’s forever lurking. The

Most investment portfolios are a collection of risk factors, such as exposure to credit and equity risk. Monitoring and managing these factors is critical. The standard approach is reviewing portfolios through a plain-vanilla asset allocation lens – 60% stocks, 30% bonds, 10% cash, for instance.

Can you distinguish alpha from beta? Child’s play, right? Measure an investment portfolio against a relevant benchmark and, voila, all is clear. But as a new paper reminds, analyzing risk and return based on time horizon changes a black-and-white world of equity factors into 50 shades of gray.

Ben Carlson at Ritholtz Asset Management reminds us that backtesting offers no shortcuts to investment nirvana. As he correctly points out, there are numerous shortcomings in the art/science of reconstructing the historical results of an investment strategy. But it’s also true that backtesting, if

How Should Investors Respond to Increases in Volatility? Alan Moreira (Yale University) andn Tyler Muir (UCLA) December 2, 2016 They should reduce their equity position. We study the portfolio problem of a long-horizon investor that allocates between a risk-less and a risky asset in an environment

Measuring Factor Exposures: Uses and Abuses Ronen Israel and Adrienne Ross (AQR Capital Management) September 19, 2016 A growing number of investors have come to view their portfolios (especially equity portfolios) as a collection of exposures to risk factors. The most prevalent and widely harvested

Equal weighting asset allocation doesn’t look encouraging as a portfolio-design tool, based on last week’s preliminary analysis. Can we salvage equal weighting by expanding the opportunity set with a more granular mix of funds? In a word, no. As we’ll see, equal weighting across asset classes

Yesterday’s post on equal weighting for asset allocation motivated a reader to point out that equal weighting’s tendency to outperform in equity portfolios is due to frequent rebalancing events. A passively managed market-cap-weighted portfolio, by contrast, is allowed to drift, with weights

Equal weighting has an encouraging record as a design choice for earning a moderately higher premium in the stock market compared with the conventional weighting system of holding shares in proportion to their market-capitalization weight. A leading real-world example: the Guggenheim S&P 500

Ilya Kipnis at QuantStrat TradeR reminds us that the Hidden Markov Model (HMM), which can be a powerful tool for detecting regime change in markets and macro, has its limitations and pitfalls. In particular, Kipnis reports that HMM’s value as a prediction tool for the stock market is dubious.

Managed portfolios that take less risk when volatility is high produce large alphas, substantially increase factor Sharpe ratios, and produce large utility gains for mean-variance investors. We document this for the market, value, momentum, profitability, return on equity, and investment factors in

Morningstar tells us that efforts at taming volatility in a multi-asset class framework generally turns up mixed results among publicly traded funds. Studying 60 products that are labeled “multiasset volatility-protection funds,” a recent Morningstar article reports that “as a group,

A year ago, bear-market risk looked elevated for the US stock market, based on a Hidden Markov model (HMM). The warning, which was discussed on these pages at the time (see here, for instance), has had a mixed record. Although stocks swooned in late-2015 and early 2016, the growling was relatively

The world is awash with backtests that lay claim to new portfolio techniques that provide superior results for managing risk, juicing return, or both. What’s often missing is a robust stress test to confirm that the good news is more than a statistical anomaly. Crunching the numbers on a single

Do Stock Market Trading Activities Forecast Recessions? Ujjal Chatterjee (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, American University of Sharjah) August 9, 2016 This paper re-examines the existing recession forecasting models with stock market liquidity as an additional forecasting variable. We

The Sharpe ratio was introduced half a century ago and it’s still going strong. Although the world is now awash with competitors, the granddaddy of quantitative risk metrics endures. Its longevity and widespread use drives some analysts batty, but for good or ill the SR is deeply embedded into the

Asset Allocation: A Recommendation for Resolving the Collision between Theory and Practice Larry J. Prather (Southeastern Oklahoma State University), et al. April 26, 2016 We examine the creation of a low-cost optimal risky portfolio that individual investors can easily construct and manage. We

Vanguard founder John Bogle gave a powerful speech last month at the Q Group’s Spring Seminar that lays out the case (again) for favoring basic indexing and shunning complexity in matters of portfolio design and management. As Morningstar’s John Rekenthaler points out, Bogle wields the weapon of

The Market Portfolio is NOT Efficient: Evidences, Consequences and Easy to Avoid Errors Pablo Fernandez (University of Navarra), et al. March 16, 2016 The Market Portfolio is not an efficient portfolio. There are many evidences that tell us that: the equal weighted indexes have beaten their

Developing confidence about a portfolio strategy’s track record (or throwing it onto the garbage heap), whether it’s your own design or a third party’s model, is a tricky but essential chore. There’s no single solution, but a critical piece of the analysis for estimating return and risk,

Skill is a slippery concept in finance, courtesy of the shady influence of chance in asset pricing. It's also an awkward topic in just about every corner of money management because discussing it in detail invariably raises serious doubts about our ability to engineer investment results that

Last week’s post on analyzing US equity value and momentum risk premia ended with a question: How much, if any, improvement should we expect by adding a dynamic system for managing exposure to these risk factors vs. a buy-and-hold strategy? What follows is a preliminary effort in searching for an

The value and momentum factors have earned high praise in recent years as complementary sources of risk premia for designing and managing equity portfolios. AQR’s widely cited paper “Value and Momentum Everywhere” a few years back helped popularize the idea, pointing to applications in

Understanding Modern Portfolio Construction Cullen O. Roche (Orcam Financial Group) February 22, 2016 Over the last 75 years there have been great strides in modern finance, portfolio theory and asset allocation strategies. Despite this progress the process of portfolio construction remains grounded

Failure isn’t an option, but it happens. Modeling the possibility that a portfolio strategy will stumble isn’t exactly cheery work, but it’s a productive and necessary exercise for stress testing what the future can do to the best-laid plans for investing. The good news is that there’s a

Managing risk via tactical asset allocation (TAA) offers a number of encouraging paths for limiting the hefty drawdowns that take a toll on buy-and-hold strategies. But what looks good on paper can get ugly in the real world. There's a relatively easy fix, of course: consider the total number

Analyzing history as a guide to the future is riddled with caveats, but if you’re mindful of the limitations there’s a mother lode of perspective waiting to be mined in the cause of modeling relationships in macro and markets. One of the more useful techniques in this corner: impulse-response

Do you know where the risk in your portfolio is coming from? Well, of course, you do. After all, you designed the portfolio and so the asset weights reflect the risk contribution. A 50% weighting in stocks translates into a 50% contribution to risk for the portfolio overall, right? That’s a

In the previous installment in this series of analyzing a globally diversified portfolio we reviewed the results after adding a momentum-based risk-management system. The test suggested that a tactical overlay can be productive… maybe, depending on the details. Let’s continue to investigate our

The search for objective analysis in the cause of making informed investment decisions is the Holy Grail of finance. Unfortunately, narrative risk continually threatens to derail us on our crucial quest for perspective. Everyone loves a good story, and it’s no different when it comes to finance

Buffett’s Asset Allocation Advice: Take it … With a Twist Javier Estrada October 26, 2015 One of the most important decisions retirees need to make is the asset allocation of their portfolios. They can have a static or a dynamic allocation, and simplicity usually favors the former. Warren