There is a new paper published in the Journal of Financial Markets that digs a bit deeper into the Moskowitz, Ooi, and Pedersen “Time Series Momentum” paper (some background here). ts paper The paper is behind a pay firewall, but luckily there is a 4 part lecture by the authors explaining the

Looking for a great challenge on a Saturday morning on September 24th? 2016-08-26 14_58_14-March for the Fallen Come join some members of the Alpha Architect team and our tribe of friends/clients when we take part in the “March for the Fallen” on Saturday, September 24, 2016. We’re aiming to

In my two previous blog posts (here and here), I analyze the performance of bonds during really bad months for US stocks (“Crisis Alpha” months), and I analyze the performance of US stocks during really bad months for US bonds. A quick summary of the results from those prior studies: Bonds have

In the 1950s, Harry Markowitz proposed a method to identify the optimal trade-off between risk and return for a portfolio. The theory is broadly termed, “Mean-Variance Optimization (MVO).” Sam Wittig, a Drexel graduate I advised and who did some research for Alpha Architect, shared with us his

Eric Crittenden was recently on Meb Faber’s podcast and he tells a compelling story about the perils of survivor bias in backtesting. Eric’s story begins when he is an undergraduate working on a project for a quantitative finance course. The professor asked that the students develop a systematic

Anyone who has spent time reading this blog has become familiar with research involving asset pricing anomalies that generate excess returns. In particular, the academic literature has addressed the following: “size,” or a portfolio of small minus big stocks (SMB) (see here for background)

If you are into consumption-based asset pricing theory and the associated empirical attempts to reconcile the theory with the data from the realized equity premium, garbage is a fascinating subject. So let’s talk about asset pricing both with–and without–garbage. garbage First the original

Intermediate-Term Price momentum, originally researched by Jegadeesh and Titman in 1993, documented a how recent stock returns tended to continue in the future. Stocks that were past winners (on average) continue to do well, while stocks that were past losers (on average) continue to perform poorly.

A long-time reader asked that we examine the performance and process associated with the Dorsey Wright Focus Five ETF (ticker: FV). For those who are unfamiliar with the product, FV is a $3B+ sector rotation fund. The fund is designed to provide targeted exposure to five sector- and industry-based

Here we are in August, a great time to drink–and think–about wine. Of course, as a research-focused finance blog, our angle on wine is a bit different than that of Dr. Vino. A summary of the discussion: …we estimate a real financial return to wine investment (net of storage costs) of 4.1%,

During the 1600s, the Dutch had a large merchant fleet and the port city of Amsterdam was a dominant commercial hub for trade from around the world. Based on the growing influence of the Dutch Republic, in 1602 the Dutch East India Company was founded, and its evolution into the first publicly

Investors talk a big game when describing how they evaluate mutual funds. They say they consider things like the objectives of the fund, its size, and the longevity of its managers. But there’s one factor that looms larger than all the others: Performance. We wrote here about how investors tend to

Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) popularized a simple idea: "past winners outperform past losers." Post JT, the relative strength, or "momentum anomaly," was forever ingrained in the minds of academic researchers (which is odd, since the idea had been around 50 years prior to JT 1993,

The idea that one can predict stock market movements is somewhat insane. The major problem with stock market forecasting is the lack of evidence that it is possible. I am unaware of any market commentator that has been successful–on a consistent basis–at predicting the future direction of the

Anyone who follows our website should be familiar with the extensive evidence behind our favorite stock selection strategies: Value Investing Momentum Investing The evidence suggests that high-conviction ( We document why high conviction is important for both value and momentum strategies here and

Is a 100% stock allocation crazy? As long as one addresses their needs for liquidity (as to avoid extracting capital from the markets at bad times) and can tolerate the market price volatility, a 100% or near-100% allocation to equities is not as outlandish as one might suspect. Focusing on

One of the dangers of being a quantitative investor is that when you see patterns in historical data you might wrongly assume they will repeat. Put another way, you might believe an effect is driven by a genuine relationship, when in reality the results are spurious and the result of luck. We wrote

I still have a Ken Griffey Jr. Rookie Card. To be honest, I don’t even know where the thing is, but I hope it is it worth a ton of money at this point (although I doubt it). So disclaimer up front: I dabbled in baseball card trading back in the day. And for all of you out there who used to trade

In some ways, investing is simple. After all, we all want the same things. High returns. Low volatility. Small max drawdowns. Unfortunately, it’s very difficult–if not impossible–to have your cake and eat it too. There are always tradeoffs among these desires that have to be managed by

My last post, “Will bonds deliver crisis alpha in the next crisis?,” created quite a stir on the blogosphere. The underlying assumption of the analysis is that stocks are a core component of a portfolio and bonds are included to diversify the portfolio. The key takeaway from my analysis is that

How do you handle repetitive tasks? If you’re like most people, you work through a task in a variety of ways, find the most efficient approach, and then stick to that workflow. Consider email address autofill, automatic payment plans, or automatic renewal of magazine subscriptions. Because of

Bonds are often viewed as being great diversifiers due to the perception that they perform well during tough times for stocks. Historically this has been a true statement. But will it continue? Our answer: unclear. Most investors use correlation to measure the diversification benefit an investment

We just wrote a piece for Forbes on financial bubbles in the lab. Punchline: investors initially underreact to fundamentals, then they overreact, and eventually prices correct. But how common are crashes? Ben has some interesting thoughts, but the results are limited to the US market. Now, one of my

Harry Houdini is perhaps the best-known magician of all time, gaining notoriety in the early 20th century through his daring escape acts. Houdini escaped from straight jackets while suspended from chains, fought his way out of submerged mailbags, and performed a “buried alive” stunt. Crowds

At this point, even hard core efficient market fans will likely admit that behavior can influence investment decisions. Humans aren’t robots. However, just because some investors exhibit bad behavior that doesn’t mean they can influence prices. As the story goes, smart investors are prepared to

We’ve discussed return seasonalities in the past, especially as they pertain to our approach to momentum. Turns out seasonality effects aren’t confined to momentum — they are literally everywhere and they are incredibly strong. This paper will blow your mind once you let the results settle in

Low volatility funds are everywhere. The reasons for their proliferation are clear: Who wouldn’t want to own something with the label “low volatility” and Recent performance has been great. Open the AUM floodgates! But perhaps not all is well in low volatility land. A recent snippet by Josh

Value investing is an investment philosophy that has been extensively discussed and examined at least since the days of Ben Graham, who popularized it as a discipline in the 20s and 30s. While there are some who are dismissive of its advantages as a long-term strategy, the historical evidence is

We investigate the biases in the backtested performance of “alternative beta” strategies using a sample of 215 commercially promoted trading strategies across five asset classes. Our results lend support to the cautions in recent literature regarding backtest overfitting and lack of robustness

What does it mean to be the “best” research? For me, this means the most influential in changing my view on the world. So the below list of “best” research represents the research that 1) changed my view of the world 2) helped sharpen my thinking. For context, I’ve been reading source

Investors love to chase after the “next big thing,” as investment strategies and styles come in and go out of vogue. The latest object of investor infatuation may be a revitalized interest in merger arbitrage. Consider this bloomberg headline: “Hedge Fund Investors Have Fallen in Love with

This paper documents a new empirical fact. Long-short anomaly returns are strongly related to the day of the week. Anomalies for which the speculative leg is the short (long) leg experience the highest (lowest) strategy returns on Monday. The exact opposite pattern is observed on Fridays. The

Some weekend reading for trend-followers who want to question their beliefs. Valeriy Zakamulin is an animal when it comes to generating research on moving averages. We’ve done a lot of the same work, but we’re too lazy to tabulate the results in an academic paper format. king of ma The king of

Twitter seems to be a favorite dataset for financial researchers. Researchers keep trying to map tweets to profits. For example, we covered an idea related to this almost 5 years ago: Is trading with twitter only for twits? We had another post that was released about a year after our original

Large institutional investors have had access to low-cost "smart beta" for many years. But for retail investors and their financial advisors, "smart beta" ETFs are a welcome innovation. Instead of trying to identify an expensive manager who can pick stocks, a retail investor can

Jack and I published, “Analyzing Valuation Measures: A Performance Horse-Race Over the Past 40 Years,” in the 2012 Journal of Portfolio Management. horse race Here is a summary of the research paper on our own blog. The paper asked a simple question: “Which valuation metric has historically

Obsession with short-term performance against market cap benchmarks preordains the dysfunctionality of asset markets. The problems start when trustees hire fund managers to outperform benchmark indexes subject to limits on annual divergence… Benchmarking causes, first, the inversion of the

In the past we have discussed how to combine value and momentum strategies to improve an equity allocation. In this piece we discuss why an investor should combine use value and momentum.* Many investors recognize that stand-alone value and momentum strategies have historically worked. Of course,

Last year we highlighted what we deemed the “value investing pain train.” In 2015, cheap high-quality stocks started getting crushed by expensive junk stocks. Here is a recap of the carnage. In many respects, value investing is a lot like Terry Tate — the huge “office” linebacker that

Having spent what seems like a lifetime in the financial industry at this point, I’ve always had this nagging suspicion about private equity (PE): private equity investments are not special. And I’ll take my hunch a bit further: public equity markets can deliver the same return profile as

We’ve discussed the use of predictive regressions in the past. Here is an article to learn a bit more about the technique. And while the idea sounds cool, and could even be relabeled a low-tier “machine-learning” technique if someone wanted to sell the idea, we can’t find anything exciting

Psychology research suggests that when we make predictions, we suffer from “representative bias,” and mistakenly overweight observations that fit a particular narrative, and fail to consider base rate probabilities. For example, if we flip a coin 5 times and it shows up H, H, H, H, H, we may

Hot off the press and haven’t had time to reverse engineer and verify, but this is pretty interesting stuff at first glance. The Enduring Effect of Time-Series Momentum on Stock Returns Over Nearly 100-Years This study documents the significant profitability of “time-series momentum”

We examine the causal effect of limits to arbitrage on ten well-known asset pricing anomalies using Regulation SHO, which reduced the cost of short selling for a random set of pilot stocks, as a natural experiment. We find that the anomalies become substantially weaker on portfolios constructed with

Empirical asset pricing research can sometimes get monotonous because you end up circling back relentlessly to the same conclusions: value works, momentum works, and yet, markets are remarkably efficient. But, sometimes, research uncovers absolutely stunning and counter-intuitive results–and this

One of the most overused– and misunderstood — terms I’ve seen used by finance practitioners is “behavioral finance.” Many professionals consider themselves to be “behavioral finance experts” because they identify irrational investors.1 Newsflash: Identifying irrational investors is not

We examine the effect of security analyst recommendations on stock price momentum. Results show that momentum profits are directly linked to analyst optimism. Specifically, we find that a 1-unit change in recommendation quintile translates to about a 50 basis point change in subsequent 3-month

We show that opportunistic insider traders can be identified through the profitability of their trades prior to quarterly earnings announcements (QEAs), and that opportunistic trading is associated with various other kinds of managerial and firm misconduct. The subsequent buys and sells of

Momentum in firm fundamentals, i.e., earnings momentum, explains the performance of strategies based on price momentum. Earnings surprise measures subsume past performance in cross sectional regressions of returns on firm characteristics, and the time-series performance of price momentum strategies

Accruals are the non-cash component of earnings. They represent adjustments made to cash flows to generate a profit measure largely unaffected by the timing of receipts and payments of cash. Prior research finds that expected returns increase in firm profitability. However, firms with high accruals